Africa

This accomplishment was done as a result of their situating in Africa which gave them better exchange systems. More, the Gush broke for Egyptians and moved to More in 590 BCC. They experienced a few hundred years off of cultivating, iron, mining and exchanging. Oromo, The Oromo individuals invested part of energy searching for better land to settle. At last they vanquished land governed by the Gaze and Solomon, they turned out to be affluent relying upon exchange of espresso. Extraordinary Zanzibar, The amalgamation of the Bantu helped Great Zanzibar. Alongside different urban areas they succeeded by sending products to theIndian cost. The individuals of Zanzibar depended on exchanging as well as steers grouping, and agribusiness. Test Oromo More Great Zanzibar Social First: lord Second Nobles, officers Third: residents Last: slaves Gad framework, which helped all residents First: ruler or sovereign Second: cleric, fighters Third: Merchants, Artisans, Farmers. Last Enslaved individua ls. Extremely exacting and wedding someone In an alternate class was not loved. Financial exchanged Ivory, extraordinary creature skins, gold and more with different nations Mainly farming of a few yields Paid charges yearly to the ruler. Anomy dependent on cows farming, crop development, and the exchange of gold political Used their picked up power from exchanging to keep a concentrated state and their kin firmly controlled. Stray government created by residents, we don't have the foggiest idea when the framework rose. Unique in relation to Egypt. Political opportunity Some political issues was the Racial separation and financial intrigue. Strict relatives of the Hebrews, and received Christianity There are three fundamental religions in Oromo, Roomier, (their customary religion), Islam and Christianity.Greatly affected by Egyptians , yet in addition presented their own Gods, most significant Epidermal, a lion God A firm monotheistic confidence. Milestones or Monuments More; Pyrami ds of Sudan= situated in the North-East of Sudan close to the banks of the Nile, right around 200 pyramids in a moderately little territory. Test; Stella= worked for a strict reason. In all likelihood a burial service landmark Horn of Africa= promontory in the East of Africa National Monument= roughly 30 km from Amassing Summary Exam, a blend of Arabs and Africans who settled in the Red Sea Exam became blunder amazing in any event, being the wealthiest of the realms in the first century.This vanquished land managed by the Gaze and Solenoids, they turned out to be well off contingent upon exchange of espresso. Incredible Zanzibar, The relocation of the Bantu helped Images Historic Importance All four urban areas are so significant for what they have from quite a while ago. What they left us with, similar to the Exam with the Stella. â€Å"An elderly person or elderly incredible like losing a library. † Learning how our predecessors endure and cooperated is essential to always remember. Visiting this spots is something you will always remember and never lament.

Brainwashing Our Future Essay

Around the world today, the conviction that an ideal body existing is at an untouched high. With digitally embellishing being utilized on for all intents and purposes each photograph of on-screen characters/entertainers/models, youthful grown-ups get the bogus sense that they must be a particular method to be administrator or ordinary even. It’s out of line that digitally embellishing photographs drives these youthful grown-ups to despise on themselves or on others for not being something that, in all reality, isn’t even genuine. Artificially glamorized photographs of present day icons case youngsters to take an interest in unfortunate dietary issues, to menace individual companions, and to get enthusiastic issues that will remain with them for a lifetime. With enhancing with Photoshop of photographs likewise comes the unfortunate act of dietary problems in youthful grown-up, particularly young ladies, to satisfy the conviction that doing so will bring about having â€Å"matched up to their magnificence and perfection† (Petten Van). Scatters like anorexia, bulimia, and voraciously consuming food have gotten most usually found in the juvenile populace as a result of these photographs. When all is said in done, teenager young ladies grow up observing enhanced with Photoshop photographs which cause the craving to be â€Å"perfect†, later bringing about dietary issues. 42% of first to third grade young ladies need to be more slender and 86% females report beginning of dietary problem by age 20; 43% report beginning between ages 16 and 20 (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). Accordingly, passing pace of youthful grown-ups has expanded gigantically and keeps on giving up the expectation of ever finishing the pattern of h igh schooler issue. For the most part, as the quantity of young people who achieve a dietary problem increments, so does the quantity of passings to the high schooler populace. Enhancing with Photoshop additionally adds to harassing. Youthful grown-ups are given that one must be a particular path so as to be acknowledged, so when in doubt, youngsters menace each other out of envy or conviction that all should fit what is viewed as the standard due to digitally embellishing. However, consequently, there is the â€Å"5% of Americans that normally have the body type depicted in magazine images† (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). That 5% is likewise tormented by those programmed by society to consider it to be the standard structure. It bodes well that â€Å"a sound young lady doesn't have a strong feeling of what her identity is and can be truly vulnerable to intuition one should seem as though the models, despite the fact that the model is enhanced with Photoshop and extremely just a fantasy† (Cooper). Demi Lovato, a youthful high schooler pop star, has â€Å"openly circulated her troubles† commonly, depicting the impacts dietary issues and harassing that came about because of online networking, as enhanced with Photoshop photographs, had on her life (LaPort). Tormenting is the aftereffect of youngsters not having numerous icons that are crude and â€Å"going through what a significant number of them are† (LaPort). Summarizing the general influence digitally embellishing has on young people comes down to these: passionate pickles that can remain on one’s heart and psyche until the absolute final gasp. As a survivor of harassing, my cousin Morgan shared her musings and emotions on her encounters. â€Å"The things they said were so harsh†¦unforgettable,† she murmured. â€Å"Every day I take a gander at myself and rehash those words, despite the fact that I genuinely know they aren’t true.† She is one of â€Å"160,000 youngsters who miss school each day because of dread of assault or terrorizing by other students† (â€Å"Make Beats Not Beat Downs: Facts and Statistics†). Tormenting and dietary issues don't have momentary impacts, and can influence even the most certain individual on earth. These drawn out passionate circumstances are harming the youthful personalities of society and everything returns to the trivial utilization of enhancing with Photo shop. Some think enhancing with Photoshop is â€Å"just and image†¦a dream in the event that you will†, paying little heed with the impact it has on teenagers (Cooper). Which is valid, yet young people are at the purpose of realizing what their identity is and look to these photographs of their golden calves to help choose, or make sense of, who precisely is it that they see themselves being as grown-ups. Others accept that enhancing with Photoshop shields the eyes of more youthful personalities from unseemly issues like tattoos, straps, or smoking. Accordingly, the sooner one realizes what this present reality brings to the table, awful and great, the sooner one understands that everything isn’t consummate and can settle on choices dependent on genuine issues. Guardians can't shield kids from the thoughts of society encompassing them regardless of the amount they attempt. Would one rather youngsters learn by taking a gander at something wherever around them or by hearin g it from a psyche not programmed by an inappropriate doings? The legislatures that permit the utilization of enhancing with Photoshop on models and on-screen characters could without much of a stretch pass a law to boycott the misleading act of artificially glamorizing. Be that as it may, the government won’t act except if the residents follow up on it first. By famous people themselves contradicting the demonstration of a craftsman remaking their photographs, and sewing them whenever done in any case, soon enough there won’t be any enhanced with Photoshop photographs to be discharged to general society. Past survivors of dietary problems or harassing should stand firm and tell the administration, and its kin, exactly how severely these photographs influence the ages of society today. On the off chance that not halted now, at that point when will enhancing with Photoshop ever reached a conclusion? It’s time to end it and quit conditioning our future. Works Cited A) Catapano, Rosanna. ANAD (The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders) n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. B) Diller, Vivian. â€Å"Is Photoshop Destroying America’s Body Image.† Huffpost Post. N.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. C) Petten Van, Vanessa. â€Å"Photoshop: The Effect On Teen Girls and Why It Needs to be Banned.† Radical Parenting. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013.

Application advice

Application advice [Productivity! This is my second entry of the day. Be sure to check out the first one for some QA.] Last Thursday night, Ruth emailed the floor, asking for people to celebrate her last night as a humanities major. (As of last Friday, Ruth switched from Course 17 to Course 11, which is actually part of the School of Architecture and Planning and not the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences.) We went to the South Street Diner, which, according to both Ruth and the How to GAMIT is the only 24-hour establishment in Boston- so it must be true! According to the GAMITs review (and now I can proudly say, personal experience) the South Street Diner has some angsty waitstaff (Ruths word, I believe, not mine), and a pretty awesome atmosphere. They were also awarded the title of best milkshakes in Boston at one point, Im pretty sure. As Zach, Ruth, Matt and I were waiting for the T, Ruth told everyone that they had to be especially witty and entertaining so that it would become a blog-worthy experience. (Seriously, Conner 2 people are going to become so famous due to the sheer concentration of bloggers on the floor.) We only went in the wrong direction for about a block and a half, which is no big deal in my book, and we enjoyed our milkshakes without major incident. But by the time we were done, it was past 1 AM, so we had officially missed the last T run of the night and decided to take a taxi back to campus. We passed a long line of taxis until Zach approached the first car in the line. As the driver rolled down the window, Zach leaned in and said, in the most innocent voice, Hi, yeahwe want to go to MIT? OK, so maybe you had to be there, but Ruth and Matt and I thought it was hilarious. I found it a little like that How do you get to Carnegie Hall? joke, and we kept giggling about it in the back of the taxi. We want to go to MIT? So do lots of people! On that topic, I feel like the time has officially come for Lauras Entry on Unsolicitied College Application Advice. The first thing Id probably advise you to do would be to finish your applications way early to avoid all of the stress. But Im sure youve all already heard that and wont actually accomplish it anyway even if you really intend to (not to burst anyones bubble), so Im going to skip right along to my next piece of advice. 1) Examples are good. Be specific. Make sure to choose teachers who actually know you to write your letters of recommendation. You may even want to give them a list of cool things you did- and by that I dont mean a resume! I actually learned this from my history teacher- when he was writing a letter of rec for me for a political science summer camp, he kept asking me questions about specific things I had done in his class. The program I was applying to was looking for people who were passionate about public policy, so instead of just writing Laura writes good essays, my teacher told them about the topics of my essays. That way he could tell them about how I gave presentations on campaign finance reform, instead of just saying that I had good presentation skills. See the difference? Now take that concept and apply it to MIT! (But dont go nuts about it- your teachers can handle the job. Dont give them a huge list of everything you ever did in their class, and dont worry if you cant thi nk of anything particularly interesting. But if you can remember a couple of specific examples of things you think an MIT admissions officer might appreciate, remind your teacher about it, and let them take it from there.) 2) When youre writing your essays, you dont want to be generic. You have to keep in mind the sheer size of the applicant pool. If you think you have a great idea for an essay topic, you probably do. You just have to remember that there were probably lots of people who had similar experiences, so boiling your own story down to vague concepts isnt going to do you any good. For my essay, I decided to write about problems I had to overcome on my high school field hockey team. I thought I had a great, original story to tell. So I wrote my essay about overcoming obstacles and not giving up and gave it to a friend to proofread, and he told me it was horrible. I got pretty upset with him, as you can imagine. Here I was, totally convinced that I had this edgy, original story to tell, and he went and shot me down by telling me just how unoriginal it was. It turns out we were both right. I did have a pretty cool and original story- after all, it was a true life story. No one else has had the same experiences as me. But while writing the essay, I tried to cram 3 years of experience into 500 words, so all that came across was I didnt give up even though I came across obstacles. Well guess what- that has happened to everybody! So I sat down and completely started over. Only this time, I chose a very specific obstacle that I was faced with- one incident that happened on one particular day- and wrote a very detailed description about that experience. I showed this new essay to my mother, who told me it made me look like I was just whining about challenges! The actual story had been lost in all my details about that one specific incident. By now I was really frustrated with everyone who kept telling me my essays sucked, and I was determined to prove that I actually did have a good essay in there somewhere! So I sat down with the 2 completely different essays and pieced together a hybrid with the most important parts of each. By the time I was done I thought I had a pretty cool college application essay. The key is to find the right balance between giving detailed descriptions that are about you, and showing the admissions people the big picture (how your story shows something about who you are, and how it relates back to the question they actually asked you in the first place!) And now, here it is LAURAS NUMBER ONE RULE FOR THE ADMISSIONS PROCESS:I already talked about this in my first entry ever. If you are reading this now and thinking yeah yeah okay but what about the 770 I got on the math section of the SAT? Thats THIRTY WHOLE POINTS BELOW PERFECT, then you need to stop. Right now. Im totally serious. I really think that kind of thing is nothing short of unhealthy, and Marliee Jones agrees with me. First of all, I only got a 700 on the math section of the SAT I (gasp!), and I dont want to listen to other people worry that a 770 means theyre not smart enough for MIT. That makes me part sad, part angry. (Mostly angry. =P) Second of all, perfection is useless. Of course MIT only admits students who are qualified, but once you hit a certain level of scores and grades and activities, the applicant pool is so large that a difference in 10 points on your SATs simply does not matter. At this point, youve done all you can do. You cant worry about that one research paper you handed in late freshman year that lost you .01 points on your history GPA. All you can do is try to show MIT who you are through your interviews and essays, and the more relaxed you are, the easier that will be. Good luck!

Landmark Death Penalty Cases, Supreme Court

Coffee Shop Business Plan - 8552 Words

Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. General Company Description 3. Products and services 4. Marketing Plan 1. Market Research 2. Economics 3. Product 4. Customers 5. Competition 6. Table 1: Competitive Analysis 7. Niche 8. Strategy 9. Promotion 10. Pricing 11. Proposed Location 12. Distribution Channels 5. Operational Plan 1. Production 2. Location 3. Legal Environment 4. Personnel 5. Inventory 6. Suppliers 7. Credit Policies 8. Managing Accounts Receivable 9. Managing Accounts Payable 6. Management Organisation 1. Professional Advisory Support 7. Financial Statements 1. Sales Forecast 2. Startup Expenses †¦show more content†¦We are striving for convenience therefore we want to locate our shop in the expanded part of the Midlands Mall which is very easy to get to from the N3. We will market our shop to the youth sector as many of them are students and do not have laundry facilities, holiday makers and the ordinary housewife. The coffee shop will supply the finest coffee and healthy meals. We feel our business will grow rapidly as the community needs a safe place to meet. Short and Long -Term planning Our business will produce a Long-Term Plan, perhaps 5 years into the future, and a Short-Term Plan looking at the following 12 months. In a Short-Term Plan, risks can be taken that will improve current profit. Our Long-Term Plan, will be to make lots of money, we must make as much profit as possible without cheating the customers. But the business must do more than just take full advantage of the current year’s profit. It must look at the future year’s profits as well. Success of the Company Unhappy employees may result in low output, strikes and poor work ethic, which will in turn have an adverse effect on the wealth of the partnership. Our business will strive to provide good working conditions for its employees. We will make sure that our business does not hinder the community by spoiling the environment which might give us bad publicity, resulting in the lack of customers coming to our shop and penalties arising. We willShow MoreRelatedCoffee Shop Business Plan8541 Words   |  35 PagesTable of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. General Company Description 3. Products and services 4. Marketing Plan 1. Market Research 2. Economics 3. Product 4. Customers 5. Competition 6. Table 1: Competitive Analysis 7. Niche 8. Strategy 9. Promotion 10. Pricing 11. Proposed Location 12. Distribution Channels 5. Operational Plan 1. Production 2. Location 3. Legal Environment 4. Personnel 5. Inventory 6. Suppliers 7. Credit PoliciesRead MoreBusiness Plan On Coffee Shops1425 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Plan On Coffee Shops Business Name : Rio Coffee Comapany Name: Well Food Name of the founder: Abdus Salam Problems The coffee shop isn’t truly a restaurant and it isn’t strictly a retail establishment. There are also several real business issues that are somewhat unique to the coffee shop industry as a whole.   †¢ Rising supply cost: Profit margins in the coffee industry are relatively hefty ( about 85%, give or take), but the overall profit per cup is small. And making margins is evenRead MoreMarketing Plan For Coffee Shop Business Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Coffee is one of the most popular world’s most popular beverages. Almost every person loves coffee. Americans consume 400 million cups of coffee per day, equivalent to 146 billion cups of coffee per year, making the United States the leading consumer of coffee in the world according to Huffington post. If you are a coffee addicts or coffee lover, most likely you will begin every day with a cup of coffee. It’s not a doubtful guess, given that 68 percent of coffee drinkers have a cupRead MoreMarketing Plan For Coffee Shop Business Essay2015 Words   |  9 Pages Coffee is one of the most popular world’s most popular beverages. Almost every person loves coffee. Americans consume 400 million cups of coffee per day, equivalent to 146 billion cups of coffee per year, making the United States the leading consumer of coffee in the world according to Huffington post. If you are a coffee addicts or coffee lover, most likely you will begin eve ry day with a cup of coffee. It’s not a doubtful guess, given that 68 percent of coffee drinkers have a cupRead MoreSample Business Plan of Coffee Shop13076 Words   |  53 PagesSource: www.bplans.com Following is a sample business plan of a coffee retail chain. Although Mekong Capital is not demanding a similar standard, qualified business plans are expected to cover most aspects of the sample. More samples and information are available on Bplans website (www.bplans.com). Page 1 of 34. Source: www.bplans.com TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1Read MoreBusiness Plan for Opening a Coffee Shop1600 Words   |  7 PagesOpening a coffee shop In today’s China, the development of coffee market growth rapidly. Many people try to take part in this business market. However, it had a successful coffee shop is not an easy task. There are few points we must focus on when we decided to open a coffee shop. First of all, the most important thing is choosing a good location. We cannot make the decision recklessly. Owners should analysis to the different situation with surrounding areas, including: surrounding people’sRead MoreBusiness Plan For Vanilla Bean Coffee Shop1091 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Plan Vanilla Bean Coffee Shop Executive Summary Recognition to major coffee chains, in the last two decades the coffeehouse has become a familiar portion of American life. Every day, millions of Americans stop for a specialty coffee. These consumers who would not have dreamed of spending more than fifty cents for a cup of coffee a few years ago now joyfully pay three to five dollars for their specialty flavored hot and ice blended javas. The specialty coffee business is growing at a robustRead MoreCoffee Shop Business Plan Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagespage 2 Hannah Eisenstat had a business plan to own and operate a small business to sell coffee to patrons. The business started out with one owner Hannah being sole proprietorship venture. The business started out a bit weak while Hannah found once it was up and operating that the coffee did not produce the flavor she had anticipated and envisioned. A regular customer made an offer to become an investor offering an idea that would eliminate the small business into a larger company that wouldRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Successful Coffee Shop1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves if someone wants to start a business they have to be prepared. They can not just start a business without a good strategy; they have to have preparations in place in order for the business to become very successful. For example, the Starbucks Company started with one store in Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington in 1971. Starbucks now has over 21,000 stores in 65 different countries. To achieve this level of success, one must have a good business plan, excellent marketing materials, andRead MoreCoffee Shop1526 Words   |  7 PagesSample coffee shop business plan A sample business plan for a coffee shop which can be used to create your own business plan or help you assess the risks and benefits of opening a coffee shop or similar business. Sponsored Links [pic][pic]    |If you are planning to open a coffee shop, the very first thing you need to do is write a business plan. This is useful in many | |ways: it will allow you time to consider all your options before committing as well as put down on paper your goals

Indian National Congress and Dear Fellow Indians Free Essays

Today we celebrate the 65th Independence Day of our great Nation. On this joyous occasion I convey my greetings and good wishes to all the Indians living in this beautiful country and pray for their peace, progress and prosperity. On this auspicious day, 64 years ago, India attained freedom from colonial rule and the people of our country became the masters of their destiny. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian National Congress and Dear Fellow Indians or any similar topic only for you Order Now All in all, the past 64 years have been momentous. Despite serious challenges on varied fronts, including several attacks on the territorial integrity of India, we have been able to keep the flame of democracy burning bright. And, today, India is looked upon as the largest and most vibrant democracy in the world. In recent years India has been well known the world over for its achievements in several fields, particularly in the arena of Information Technology. The struggle for Indian independence began with the first war of Indian independence in 1857. Although not fully a success, this revolt sowed the seed for a new force, which was to take this struggle to its rightful end. As British oppression strengthened so did the urge to attain the freedom from it. This urge found voice in the form of many great leaders such as Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Khudiram Bose, Ram Prasad Bismil,Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to name a few. These great patriots along with a lot unnamed freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the cause of the nation. This dream of millions of Indians was realized when finally India got freedom on August 15, 1947. The joy of independence brought along with it the grief of partition! The country was divided into two parts – India and Pakistan. The greatest achievement of this country is that in spite of its vast diversity and a population of 1/6 of entire humanity, the country has continued to remain intact and strong even after over six decades of independence. Today the nation is all set to make a big come back, in spite of all its odds. It is a fact that the Indi. How to cite Indian National Congress and Dear Fellow Indians, Papers

Managerial Decision Making Project Business

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Decision Making for Project Business. Answer: Project Management When an organisation decides to start a new project, there are several areas of planning like all the activities related to the project should be enlisted in a detailed manner, an estimate is made regarding the manpower and their responsibilities, budget is prepared and all the information required for the product is sorted (Artto Wikstrm, 2005). Following are the best practices in project management: There has to the proper integration of all the processes like planning, execution, monitoring and controlling. All the tasks involved in the project should be properly defined and sequenced. There should be proper planning of resources, budget estimation, cash flow etc. Proper steps should be taken to ensure quality. There should be a proper development of teams and tasks should be delegated to them. There should be a proper mechanism for information flow and reporting. Proper measures should be taken for risk identification and control. Project Description The company Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd, a telecom company plans to introduce a new product in the market. The company has a large base of post-paid and prepaid customers in the world. It will be a money transfer service which the customers will be able to access through their mobile phones. So the company wants to build a mobile application through which the customers will be able to pay bills for any post-paid number, recharge any prepaid number and pay their electricity/ water bill from any part of the world (Blichfeldt Eskerod, 2008). The activation fee for this service will be 2 dollars. Once the customer gets registered, he needs to install the application. After this, he can make transactions. He can load money through the retail outlets of the company or use net banking. For minimum transactions of 70 dollars, he will get cash back of 5 dollars every month and will get customised offers. Project Charter The project charter provides a framework for the execution of the project. It includes the following elements: Project stakeholders- The project is sponsored by Gen-Com Pvt. Ltd. in collaboration with Alpha Bank. Robert Brown is the project manager. A team of 50 people will work on this project. Project schedule- The project will start on 1st Aug 2016 and is scheduled to finish by 1st Nov The project will be reviewed after every 1 month. Project budget- The estimated budget for the entire project is 25,000 dollars. Project administration- There need to be a proper communication plan that defines how information will be shared and how reporting will be done. There needs to be a quality management plan that defines how quality planning, monitoring, and control will be done throughout the project (Weinkauf Hoegl, 2002). There needs to be a human resource plan that defines the team members and their roles. Significance From various surveys, the company came to know that it is not convenient for people to visit outlets and pay bills. Thus, many people use online websites to pay their bills. The company decided to launch this product in order to increase its revenue and gain an edge over its competitors (Stoy Kalusche, 2006). This would enhance the customer experience and would result in brand loyalty. This project will initially be launched in the USA, and then it will be functional in different parts of the world. Research Questions To understand the characteristics of the market, a market survey was conducted. A questionnaire was formed that consisted of the following questions: Which telecom operator are you currently using? How many members in your family are using Gen-Com Ltd.? How much do you spend on post-paid bill/ prepaid recharge in 1 month? Which mode of payment do you prefer for making post-paid bills or pre-paid recharge? Are you satisfied with your current mode of payment do you prefer for making post-paid bills or pre-paid recharge? Work Breakdown Structure Work breakdown structure decomposes the entire project into small, manageable chunks of work. It is easier to make development plans, create work schedules and allocate financial resources for each chunk of work rather than for the entire project (Fulford, 2013). The entire project is split into the following tasks: Task 1- Market analysis using primary data Task 2- Developing a mobile application for the product (ETRANS) Task 3- Test marketing of the product Task 4- Developing a report on the basis of test marketing and reviewing the product Task 5- Developing a promotional strategy for the product (G) Project Schedule and Budget TASK NAME DURATION START DATE FINISH DATE BUDGET DESCRIPTION MARKET ANALYSIS 31 DAYS 1/8/2016 31/08/2016 4000 TASK 1 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 20 DAYS 1/9/2016 20/09/2016 10000 TASK 2 TEST MARKETING 10 DAYS 21/09/2016 30/09/2016 5000 TASK 3 REPORT GENERATION 10 DAYS 1/10/2016 10/10/2016 1000 TASK 4 PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY 22 DAYS 11/10/2016 1/11/2016 5000 TASK 5 Figure 1: Gantt chart showing flow of project Performance Analysis And Risk Analysis It is very important to measure the performance of the project like- are all the activities/ tasks being executed as per schedule, is the project being executed within the budget estimated, what will be the total cost and duration for the completion of the project (Jowah, 2015). If there is a variance in the actual value of a parameter and estimated value of the parameter, the project manager should take corrective actions. Following are the techniques to measure performance: Cost variance= Budgeted Cost for Work Performed (BCWP) - Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) Schedule variance in cost terms= Budgeted Cost for Work Performed (BCWP) - Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled (BCWS) Risk analysis aims at identifying the probability of each risk and its consequent impact on the project. Various tools can be used for risk monitoring (Nobelius Trygg, 2002). Audits can be conducted by people who are not a part of the project team. The project manager should review the tasks from time to time and reports should be prepared on the basis of reviews. In case the risks are identified, the reserved manpower/ finances should be used or an alternate plan should be used. References Artto, K. Wikstrm, K. (2005). What is project business?.International Journal Of Project Management,23(5), 343-353. Blichfeldt, B. Eskerod, P. (2008). Project portfolio management Theres more to it than what management enacts.International Journal Of Project Management,26(4), 357-365. Fulford, R. (2013). The Sales Process of Information Systems: Implications for Project Execution and Business Benefits.Proj Mgmt Jrnl,44(5), 89-99. Jowah, L. (2015). Project Management Tools and Techniques for Effective Project Execution.Journal Of Business And Economics,6(10), 1762-1774. Nobelius, D. Trygg, L. (2002). Stop chasing the Front End process management of the early phases in product development projects.International Journal Of Project Management,20(5), 331-340. Stoy, C. Kalusche, W. (2006). The determination of occupancy costs during early project phases.Construction Management And Economics,24(9), 933-944. Weinkauf, K. Hoegl, M. (2002). Team leadership activities in different project phases.Team Performance Management,8(7/8), 171-182.

“Anthem For A Doomed Youth” By Wilfred Owen Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay Essay â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is an lament in which Wilfred Owen conveys his bosom felt unhappiness and disgust for the loss of life in World War I. This verse form shatters the fantasized images of war by juxtaposing the opposite universes of world and the romanticized rhetoric that distorts it. He writes about the true experience of military decease. and efficaciously expresses these powerful sentiments in merely 14 lines by usage of a slightly violent imagination that is compounded by the changeless comparing of world to myth. The verse form is intriguingly entitled. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † Get downing with the rubric. Owen places his words into a context that contrasts with his message. An anthem is normally a loyal vocal of a group of people. state. or state as a agency to honour it. such as in the National Anthem. An anthem is a vocal that is supposed to raise up feelings of jingoism. and love for one’s state or group. Here in America. our National Anthem particularly reminds us of the soldier. who is invariably juxtaposed with the image of the† Star Spangled Banner† . We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The National Anthem is thought to be something that is synonymous with congratulations for one’s state and support of its military personnels. For Owen to call his verse form â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† implies that those Doomed Youth have no other anthem to honour them. Owen is stating that the experience of the deceasing young person is non the 1 that is conveyed in the National Anthem. His statement is that his verse form expresses the true sentiment of the deceasing young person of war. In the first sentence. Owen begins depicting what he views as the reliable image of war by usage of an attention-getting analogy. This analogy postulates that the young person who are being massacred are deceasing like cowss. This is such a dramatic phrase because cowss unrecorded and decease the worst of lives. Cattles are bred merely for mass slaughter. and decease is inevitable for them. They are kept in confined topographic points. frequently surrounded by fencings and barbed wire. Cattle are besides considered to hold no intent in life except to function and nourish others. It is clear that this comparing of deceasing soldiers to cattle is non a blandishing one. and it is a comparing that would non be given by an advocator of war. It is in direct resistance to the description of heroism and award that comes frontward from the romanticized description of soldiers. Owen places this dramatic analogy at the terminal of a rhetorical inquiry that he himself answers in the following fe w lines. The inquiry that Owen asks is. â€Å"What go throughing bells for these who die as cowss? † The passing bells refer to the bells that are tolled after someone’s decease to denote that decease to the universe. Owen says that unlike a funeral emanation the lone things that announce the decease of these soldiers are the sounds of the instruments that killed them. He answers his opening inquiry by stating that the lone bells that are tolled are the unerasable sounds of war and decease. When depicting those sounds of war. Owen undertakings upon the reader the evil interests of war through words like â€Å"monstrous. † â€Å"anger. † and â€Å"rattle. † These are words that give the reader a gustatory sensation of fright. and a sense of repeating solitariness. The 2nd stanza continues in its comparison of the sounds and images of a funeral emanation to the sounds and images of a battleground. He uses graphic words to demo the abrasiveness of war in this stanza merely as he did in the first stanza. However. in the 2nd stanza. Owen focuses on imagination of unhappiness and compunction instead than evil and horror. Owen seems to be consecutive depicting the jobs with the war in the first eight lines. First. he ingrains on the reader the sights and sounds of the battleground. Then. he expresses the after effects of sorrow and unhappiness. For illustration. the 2nd stanza contains the words â€Å"mourning. † â€Å"wailing. † â€Å"bugles. † â€Å"sad. † and â€Å"shires. † all marks and descriptions of compunction. The concluding six brakes off greatly from the remainder of the verse form. The first two stanzas usage heavy imagination to exemplify the horrors of war. and the solitariness that accompanies it. The stanzas plaint over the fact that the soldiers die a decease of amour propre. and are non remembered. The words that are used are really rough and acidic in that they leave the reader with a feeling of the bloodshed and loss. The last stanza is more melancholic and brooding in its words than the old two. And unlike the first two stanzas. the inquiry that introduces them is answered in a manner that leaves the reader with some type of consolation. This feeling of hope in the six is culminated in the last lines of the stanza. demoing that the male childs will be remembered by some. Owen’s sobering imagination is greatly empowered through his apposition of conflicting thoughts of war. Another illustration of this is his arranging the verse form into a sonnet. Sonnets are usually written about subjects of love and love affair. Owen wrote about decease and disenfranchisement. The usage of the word â€Å"anthem† in the rubric adds to this manner every bit good. An anthem is normally a superficial. wellbeing. cockamamie vocal. This anthem is sad. gloomy. and somber. This use of sarcasm gives the verse form a flooring consequence by boxing the text of the verse form in the signifier of a sonnet and anthem while the verse form has a message that is antithetical to those two genres. This apparently self-contradictory attack makes the reader experience the power of Owen’s constructs because those constructs are so strongly contrasted by conflicting images.

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Independent Practice Issues And Independent Midwifery Nursing Essay

Independent Practice Issues And Independent Midwifery Nursing Essay The founder of modern nursing has rightly quoted that nursing is the care which puts the person in the best possible condition for nature to either restore or preserve health or to prevent or cure injury. Nursing has its own entity and ethics which makes it a profession. In response to the rising health needs, the need for independent nursing is the demand of the hour. This concept is readily formulated and implemented in developed countries. This has helped in meeting the consumers demand for health benefits. During the twentieth century, the nursing profession has undergone immense change. Nursing has progressed from an occupation to a fully licensed profession, with members that provide a broad range of services independently, and in a variety of professional relationships with other providers. This evolution has changed how nurses are educated, clinically prepared, and how they perceive their role. Starting with turn-of-the-century debates concerning the appropriateness of professional nursing practice, registered nurses began assessing not only their licensure status, but their roles related to other professionals. In the early years of the nursing profession, it was generally believed that nurses served and cared for their patients by assisting physicians. However, the perception of nursing often varied dramatically from its practiceThe role of the public health nurse, as it developed earlier in this century, was often independent, with nurses working with families of patients with tuberculosis or other highly contagious diseases and providing a broad range of interventions, both health- and socially-focused. Definition of independent nurse practitioner Wikipedia Definition, An independent Nurse Practitioner(INP) is a registered nurse who has completed specific advanced nursing education (generally a masters degree) and training in the diagnosis and management of common as well as complex medical conditions to provide a broad range of health care services. American Academy of Nurse Practitioners: An Independent Nurse Practitioner is referred as advanced practice nurse has a masters degree in nursing in the specialized area of her/his interest and licensed to practice in her/his state. The International Council of Nurses defines INP: A registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice. PHILOSOPHY OF INP The core philosophy of INP is to provide individuals care to patients of all ages. Its care focuses on patients conditions as well as the effects of illness on the lives of the patients and their families. INPs make prevention, wellness and patient education priorities. This means fewer prescriptions and less expensive treatment. Informing patients of their health care and encouraging them to participate in decisions central to the care In addition to care, INPs conduct research and are often active in patient advocacy activities. Standards required for practice of midwifery Midwifery care is provided by qualified practitioner, who is registered Midwifery care occurs in a safe environment with in context of family, community and system of health care. Midwifery care supports individual rights and self determination with in boundaries of safety. Midwifery care comprises of knowledge, skills and judgment that foster the delivery of safe, satisfying and culturally competent care. Midwifery care based up to knowledge, skills and judgment which are reflected in written practice guidelines. Midwifery care is documented in format that assessable and component. Midwifery care is evaluated acc. to an established prog. For quality management that include a plan to identify and resolves problem. Midwifery practices may be extended beyond the set competences to incorporate new procedures, that improves care for women and their family. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INP Nurse practitioners have provided a healthy partnership with their patients for more than 40 years. INP role originated as one strategy to increase access to primary care. The following are brief historical background of INP. The nurse practitioner role had its inception in the mid-1960s in response to a shortage of physicians. The first NP Program was developed as a masters degree curriculum at the University of Colorados School of Nursing in 1965, founded by Loretta C. Ford, a nursing faculty member and Dr. Henry K. Silver, a pediatrician. Programs were developed across the country to provide additional education for experienced nurses to enable them to provide primary health care services to large underserved populations. The first programs were in pediatrics and they soon spread to many other health care specialties. During 1970-1971 Federal Legislation recommended Certificate Programme for nurses to deliver primary health care. Gradually certificate programme shifted to masters degree In response to health care reform in 1990s 3 INPs programmes were developed to meet the demand of primary care services. By 1994, 248 programme centres were developed for INP in US. In 1995, 49000 nurses were employed as INPs. American Academy of Nurse Practitioner in 1993 developed standard and guidelines for practice of INPs which are still followed. Today 200 universities and colleges are offering INP programme all over the world. 70,000 nurses are working as INP in US. Development of Independent nurse practitioner (Independent Nurse Midwifery Practitioner) development in India The Indian Nursing Council (INC), the parent body of the nursing councils in the country, has rolled out an initiative, which is in the early implementation stage, and has been forwarded for approval to the Union Health ministry. Independent nurse practitioners trained in midwifery has been introduced to bring down the high Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in rural areas. The National Population policy 2000 includes reduction of maternal and infant mortality as one of the socio-demographic goals to be achieved by 2010. The single most important way to reduce maternal death in India would be to ensure that a skilledhealth professional is present at every birth. Skilled care during childbirth is important because millions of women and newborns develop serious and hard to predict complications during or immediately after delivery. Skilled health professions such as doctors or nurses who have midwifery skills can recognize these complications and either treat them or refer women to health centers or hospitals immediately if more skilled care is needed. So, in order to ease the impact of the shortage of gynaecologists in community health centres, INC performed a pilot study for the Independent Nurse Practitioner Project in West Bengal at SSKM Hospitals female medical and surgical wards. The project provides an 18 months training in midwifery, besides an additional training in emergency obstetric care to candidates who have completed their BSc in nursing and have two to three years of clinical experience in ob-gyn wards to take care of ANMS in rural sector. These nurses are called independent nurse practitioners as they are trained to prescribe medicines following approved protocols and take decisions independently in absence of gynaecologists. 2 of the 4 trainees have been assigned to a CHC to manage obstetric cases. The results of the pilot study has been submitted to health ministry and the government of India is currently examining the proposal to extend this project all over India. INC is finalising a curriculum with senior obstetrics and gynaecologists for the training of independent nurse practitioner module. Explains T Dileep Kumar, president, INC, In rural areas, though a community health centre should be manned by physician, surgeon, paediatrician and gynaecologist, the community health centre is usually found facing a shortage of gynaecologists. Its in such a scenario, that the role of independent nurse practitioner gains importance, here, Auxiliary midwives are trained. Independent nurse practitioners should be regarded as a part of solution for improving quality, access and cost of care and continuing education. BASIC requirements of Independent nurse midwifery practitioner Becoming Independent nurse midwifery practitioner is one of the important challenges as it needs specialized qualification. The basic requirements are mentioned below: Basic nursing education Registered nurse Advance Nursing Certification (Master Degree in Obstetics and gynaecology nursing) Collaboration with any hospital/agencies for referral and reimbursement Areas of practice Independent nurse midwifery practitioners work in a variety of settings, including: Community Clinics and Health Centres Nurse managed centres private practices (either by themselves or together with a physician), hospitals, nursing homes, birthing centers. Womens Health Clinics Home health care agencies/Home Nursing Schools or colleges based health clinics They often provide care to underserved populations in rural areas or inner-city settings. What Independent nurse midwifery practitioner can do? Midwifery nurse practitioner is a registered professional nurse, with a current license to practice, who is prepared for advanced nursing practice by virtue of knowledge and skills obtained through a post-basic or advanced education program of study acceptable to the State Board of Nurse Examiners. She is prepared to practice in an expanded role to provide primary care to women, to well-woman related to reproductive health, conduct annual gynecological exams, provide education regarding family planning, and provide menopausal care. She provides care in a variety of settings including, but not limited to homes, hospitals, institutions, community agencies, public and private clinics, and private practice. She acts independently and/or in collaboration with other health care professionals to deliver health care services. She conducts comprehensive health assessments aimed at health promotion and disease prevention. She is capable of solo practice with clinically competent skills and are legally approved to provide a defined set of services without assistance or supervision of another professional. Midwifery practitioners are specialists in low-risk pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. They generally strive to help women to have a healthy pregnancy and natural birth experience. They are trained to recognize and deal with deviations from the normal. Midwifery nurse practitioners are uniquely qualified to resolve unmet needs in primary health care by serving as an individuals point of first contact with the health care system. This contact provides a personalized, client-oriented, comprehensive continuum of care and integrates all other aspects of health care over a period of time. Their focus of care is on health surveillance (promotion and maintenance of wellness), but it also provides for management of complications in order to maintain continuity. Midwifery practitioners refer women to general practitioners or obstetricians when a pregnant woman requires care beyond the their area of expertise. They are trained to handle certain more difficult deliveries, including breech births, twin births and births where the baby is in a posterior position, using non-invasive techniques. Nurse-midwives work together with OB/GYN doctors. They either consult with or refer to other health care providers in cases that are outside of their experience (for example, high-risk pregnancies and pregnant women who also have a chronic disease). Many studies over the past 20 30 years have shown that nurse-midwives can manage most perinatal (including prenatal, delivery, and postpartum) care, and most of the family planning and gynecological needs of women of all ages. Nurse-midwifery practitioners have improved primary health care services for women in rural and inner-city areas. SCENARIO OF MIDWIFERY IN USA INDEPENDENT MIDWIFERY PRACTICE It is the position of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) that midwifery practice is the independent management of womens health care, focusing particularly on common primary care issues, family planning and gynecologic needs of women, pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period and care of the newborn. The practice occurs within a health care system that provides for consultation, collaborative management or referral as indicated by the health status of the client. Independent midwifery enables certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) to utilize knowledge, skills, judgment, and authority in the provision of primary womens health services while maintaining accountability for the management of patient care in accordance with ACNM Standards for the Practice of Midwifery. Independent practice is not defined by the place of employment, the employee-employer relationship, requirements for physician co-signature, or the method of reimbursement for services. Nor should independent be interpreted to mean alone, as there are clinical situations when any prudent practitioner would seek the assistance of another qualified practitioner. Collaboration is the process whereby health care professionals jointly manage care. The goal of collaboration is to share authority while providing quality care within each individuals professional scope of practice. Successful collaboration is a way of thinking and relating that requires knowledge, open communication, mutual respect, a commitment to providing quality care, trust and the ability to share responsibility. SCENARIO OF MIDWIFERY IN UNITED KINGDOM Independent Midwives UK represent the majority of independent midwives in the UK. The organisation is committed to improving maternity provision for all women in the UK and is working with other support, service and professional groups, including the Government, to achieve that objective. Independent Midwives UK also provides professional advice and mutual support for independent midwives. The former Independent Midwives Assosiation has recently become Independent Midwives UK, an Industrial and Provident Society. The new organisation is a Social Enterprise and with Government support, Independent Midwives UK is working towards making Independent Midwifery available to all women who are entitled to NHS maternity care. Independent Midwife Independent Midwives are fully qualified midwives who have chosen to work outside the NHS in a self employed capacity. Independent midwives fully support the principals of the NHS and are currently working to ensure that all women can access gold standard of care in the future ( LINK). The role of the midwife encompasses the care of women and babies during pregnancy, birth and the early weeks of motherhood. Qualification and regulation of midwives Midwifery is the most securely regulated profession in the UK. All practising midwives must adhere to the Midwives Rules which are enshrined in the 1902 Midwives Act of Parliament and subsequent amendments. All independent midwives have undertaken full midwifery training and are subject to annual supervisory visits and equipment checks. In line with the requirements of our regulatory body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council, we are required to ensure that our clinical practice is up to date and that our actions are within our sphere of competence. Role in emergency conditions There are very few genuine emergencies during childbirth; this is why research has shown that for most women homebirth is at least as safe if not safer than hospital birth. As the experts in childbirth, midwives are trained to recognise any early warning signs that things may not be progressing normally and to take appropriate action. If the unexpected should happen, all midwives are trained in emergency resuscitation of both mothers and babies Independent Midwives carry all the necessary emergency drugs and equipment and these are checked on a yearly basis by a supervisor of midwives. Emergency equipments Independent Midwives carry all the necessary emergency equipment to ensure that if a baby is born needing resuscitation, this can be performed. For example: oxygen, suction, bag and mask. All midwives are trained in emergency resuscitation. Independent Midwives also carry emergency drugs in case a woman is bleeding heavily. They update ourselves on a yearly basis in emergency neonatal resuscitation and many of us have attended emergency skills workshops tailored for independent midwives attending homebirths. It is a requirement that our equipment is checked on a yearly basis by a supervisor of midwives. As Independent Midwives, often working alone and mainly facilitating homebirth, we are very conscious that we need to be completely up to date with all the necessary skills should an emergency occur. Charges for services As Independent Midwives are all self-employed they are all able to choose what they charge. Independent Midwives have to cover all their own costs such as training, equipment and travel. Rates may vary in different areas of the UK; currently a complete package of care will cost you between  £2000 and  £4500 (approx). Most Iindependent Midwives will want to receive payment in full by the time you are 36 weeks pregnant but if you have genuine difficulties in paying please discuss it with your Independent Midwife as most can offer flexible payment plans. Credentials to become a midwife Becoming an independent midwife can seem a daunting challenge but many midwives have taken the leap and few regret doing so. Once a midwife has completed an approved programme of education and is registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council, (NMC) she/he may practice where ever she/he chooses to in accordance with NMC rules. In the UK that could be in the NHS, the private sector, with an agency  or as an independent self employed midwife. If a midwife chooses to be self employed she is regulated by the NMC midwives rules and standards, and must adhere to the same statutory obligations as an employed midwife. SCENARIO OF MIDWIFERY IN AUSTRALIA Midwives in Private Practice (MIPP) For centuries midwives have worked among their communities providing care to women. Historically midwives have held a philosophy of care based on the belief that pregnancy is, basically, a healthy process and a normal part of life, growth and development. It is this belief that guides the way in which midwives in private practice work. Midwives choosing to work privately, rather than being employed by hospitals and other institutions, do so because it allows them to be flexible about the care they provide. That is, the care offered will be in partnership, directed primarily by the wishes of the women and their families. The private practitioner midwife is able to provide continuity of care to the families who have chosen to use her services. During the pregnancy, the woman and her family develop a friendly supportive relationship with their midwife (in some cases eg homebirth, the care is shared by two midwives). On the day the baby is born the midwife remains with the woman throughout the entire labour. There are no shift changes that require the midwife to leave. During the first week of the babys life the same midwife visits each day until the baby has settled into a feeding pattern and the parents feel confident in caring for their new baby. Some midwives in private practice choose to work in specific areas. For example, some may offer postnatal care, or advice with difficult breastfeeding problems (Lactation Consultants) or Maternal and Child Health (MCHN). In addition, some midwives are skilled and have qualifications in complementary areas such as acupuncture, counselling, naturopathy, chiropractic, massage or homeopathy. The range of services provided: Pre-pregnancy advice Advice about birth options Childbirth education classes Sibling preparation classes Continuous midwifery care during pregnancy Preparation for and attendance at births in an appropriate environment of the parents choice Postnatal care following birth at home, birth centre or hospital Separate postnatal care for women who want private midwifery care for this period only or who are discharged home early from hospital Lactation consultancy Acupuncture and Chiropractic Referral to and advice about other health professionals such as medical and natural health practitioners, eg obstetricians, paediatricians, GPs, chiropractors, osteopaths, naturopaths, homeopaths Some midwives have a special interest and expertise in supporting women in special areas such as vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), breech births, water births and postnatal depression. SCENARIO OF MIDWIFERY IN INDIA Prof. Uma Handa (ex Consultant Midwife, UNICEF) has a BS and an MSc in Nursing with specialization in obstetrics and gynecology. She has worked in the field of nursing since 1974, in nursing educational institutions in both the conventional and distance system, as well as in national and international health agencies. Countries in which she has worked include Sri Lanka, UK, Bangladesh and South Africa (University of Namibia-UNAM). She has received many special awards throughout her career. Umas present goal is to promote independent midwifery practice in India to encourage mothers to go through natural childbirth and so that unnecessary medical and surgical interventions can be prevented. Organizations she is member of: Nursing Research Society of India (Founder), Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI), White Ribbon Alliance India (WRAI), Society of Midwives, and Executive Committee member Birth India. Issues in independent nurse practice Nursing has been thought to be a part of the medical team where all professionals provide input to build the best care of the patient but now times have changed nurses have developed themselves as independent professionals with a unique body of knowledge. The nurses could not document that they hold a patients medications based on nursing judgment. Such an instance might be when a patient had hypotension from pain medication and thus the morning anti-hypertensive is held. Instead, they need an order from a physician to hold such medication. Further, something like Tylenol on a patients medication record ordered for fever could not be administered by the nurse for a headache if the patient requested it because that would be practicing medicine without a license.   A nurse cannot order a social services consult, flush a urinary catheter should it become clogged, refer a patient for diabetes education, etc., etc., without an order from the supervising physician. Although they were trained to recognize these things, they carried an independent license, sat for an examination to obtain that license, and had years of education. Perhaps nurses really could not do any of these things without a supervising physician to tell them? Physicians, are critical components of the health care team there is no doubt, but why send a nurse to school and give him/her an independent license, scope of practice, and make them answerable to a board of nursing but then limit their usefulness. In the early years of the nursing profession, it was generally believed that nurses served and cared for their patients by assisting physicians. However, the perception of nursing often varied dramatically from its practice. During wars and times of crises, nurses worked with and beside physicians conducting surgical procedures, diagnosing care, and prescribing treatments and drugs. The role of the public health nurse, as it developed earlier in this century, was often independent, with nurses working with families of patients with tuberculosis or other highly contagious diseases and providing a broad range of interventions, both health- and socially-focused. During the twentieth century, the nursing profession has undergone immense change. Nurses have developed themselves as independent professionals with a unique body of knowledge. Nursing has progressed from an occupation to a fully licensed profession, with members that provide a broad range of services independently, and in a variety of professional relationships with other providers. This evolution has changed how nurses are educated, clinically prepared, and how they perceive their role. But, there are certain issues in independent practice: Curriculum for independent nurse practitioner development: Early nurse practitioner training involved nondegree, certificate programs of one year or less. Today the nursing community strongly supports masters degree preparation for entry-level practice. Although the level of education is higher, the focus has remained the same: Nurse practitioner programs emphasize primary care, preventive medicine and patient education. However, physicians offer a different service to patients. With five years of medical education and three years of residency training, their depth of understanding of complex medical problems cannot be equaled by lesser-trained professionals. Prescriptive authority. Nurse practitioners have the authority to prescribe and can write prescriptions (including ones for controlled substances) without any physician involvement. However, some believe that there should be collaborative prescribing agreement between nurse practitioners and physicians. Public view of nursing: Many articles in nursing as early as 1928, speak to the concerns about nurses. Nice girls, dont do nursing!. If you have a strong back and weak mind, be a nurse The publics images of nurses has not essentially changed since nursings inception. In public opinion, nurses are identified as a means for decreasing the cost of health care. She is considered as a highly trained professional who is providing an alternative to the expensive primary care physician. They wonder that can she do anything that a primary care physician can do. They are reluctant to recognize nurse practitioners as primary care providers. Areas of practice: Nonphysician providers have historically thrived in settings where physicians were unavailable places they were unable or unwilling to go, It remains to be seen if independent nurse practitioners will be economically viable in areas of physician oversupply. Quality of care: Many studies show that patients have a high or very high level of satisfaction with NP Services. Regarding measurement of diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, several studies indicate that the quality of care provided by NPs is equal to that of physicians. Cost effective care: Nurse practitioners provide a cost effective care. One study compared the costs of care for two primary care problems and found that the cost of care given by NPs was 20% less than the cost of care given by physicians. At the same time, some argue that, without ready access to supervising physicians, nurse practitioners are likely to order more tests and consultations and be quicker to admit patients to the hospital, thereby driving up health care costs. Insufficient evidence-based practice and nursing research There is a need of promotion of evidence-based practice and nursing research so that with a sound knowledge base, the nurses will be able to function more independently. Establishment of policies on the use of evidence in practice is required. Nurses with a Masters degree should be encouraged to provide evidence, read nursing research and use evidence to improve or change nursing practices. An academic atmosphere should be created in the workplace. An information system and library should be provided. Multidisciplinary research should be encouraged. At the hospital, there should be a person who is responsible for nursing research activity including fund seeking for research and building of research network. Nurse educators should develop a short-course training on evidence-base and research or to supervise research activity. Resources such as journals and books can be shared. Joint research between nurse educators and clinical staff should be encouraged to strengthen the capacity of both groups and improve education and practice. The INC can be a part of nursing research development. The INC should set nursing research priorities in collaboration with nursing and non-nursing organizations to provide research funds and promote nursing activities for policy formulation. Establishment of a nursing research information system is encouraged to monitor research work, areas of research and researchers. Dissemination of nursing research and models for best practices should be established. Need for establishment of a continuing nursing education system Continuing education is an informal study or activity to gain knowledge and learn about new technology. Lifelong education is essential for self-development, knowledge-building and learning. Continuing education stimulates nurses to keep up with new knowledge and technology, to increase their skills and competency, and to be able to contribute to the health care team. The existing continuing nursing education programmes should be strengthened or new units established. The appointment of responsible persons for continuing education activity is needed. Continuing education programmes should get approval from the INC so that nurses can develop increased competency to work independently. Need to establish a quality assurance system for the nursing service A quality assurance system comprises vision, mission, objectives, strategic and operational plans, nursing service activity, nursing manpower management, roles and responsibilities, nursing standards, nursing indicators, nursing research, nursing administration and management, resource allocation and financial support. The objective of this system will be to ensure quality care and nursing outcomes as expected by clients (less suffering, shorter duration of hospital stay, and reduction of health care costs, infection, complications and mortality), and according to professional standards. It also indicates the commitment of the care provider towards providing the best care to consumers. Successful development and implementation of the system depends on the commitment of nursing leaders, hospital administrators, mutual goal-setting, participation of all personnel in the process, continuous quality improvement and good communication. The role of the INC in regulating nursing practice should be strengthened by amending the Nursing Act to include maintaining of registration of qualified nurses, renewal of licence, and setting up a nursing service and nursing education accrediting system. If possible, a hospital QA system should have nursing as an integral part and involves nurses in a surveyor team. Thus, this will help ensure the quality of services provided by independent practitioners Lack of involvement of nurses in health and nursing policy formulation and planning There is insufficient involvement of nurses in healt

Free Argumentative Essays: Oregons Euthanasia Program :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Oregon's Euthanasia Program Since 1998, due to a legal opinion by U.S. attorney general Janet Reno, Oregon physicians have used their federal prescribing licenses from the Drug Enforcement Administration to order controlled substances - usually secobarbital - for use in terminally ill patients' suicides. However, new attorney general John Ashcroft was an outspoken critic of the Reno opinion when he served in the U.S. Senate. He authored a 1997 letter to Reno signed by seven other Senators urging a contrary opinion, and criticized her final ruling as "bending the law" to facilitate assisted suicide. George W. Bush also criticized the ruling and endorsed a bill to reverse it, the Pain Relief Promotion Act, during the presidential campaign. The Oregon Health Division's third annual report on operation of the "Death with Dignity Act," summarized in the New England Journal of Medicine, was said by the law's supporters to offer "compelling evidence" that the Act "has given Oregon citizens comfort and control at the end of their lives." Said Estelle Rogers, executive director of the Death with Dignity National Center: "Oregon is a model for the nation, a place where doctors and patients alike approach end-of-life issues with due seriousness and compassion. We believe it's time for President Bush and the Attorney General to do the same" [U.S. Newswire, 2/21/01]. But the same report hailed by Rogers as "a third year of good news" was said by a prominent critic of Oregon's law to confirm that "the assisted-suicide experiment has failed." Dr. Gregory Hamilton of Physicians for Compassionate Care says that Oregon officials monitoring the practice of assisted suicide "have neglected to report meaningful results." Case reports are chiefly self-reporting by the physicians involved, and no effort is made to find "complications" or problems not reported by those assisting the suicide [PCC press release, 2/21/01]. The Oregon Health Division reported 27 deaths from physician-assisted suicide in 2000, the same number as in 1999. The only case it found of incomplete compliance with the Act was one in which a physician submitted a consent form signed by one witness instead of two. Dr. Hamilton notes, however, that the chief case of assisted suicide to receive extensive news reporting in 2000 showed more irregularities than this. The case of Joan Lucas received feature-length coverage for two days in her local newspaper in June. Suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, she originally tried and failed to commit suicide by herself on January 16 - but she and her family soon found more expert "assistance" and she died on February 3.

Mobile Phone and Samsung Electronics

Clarence Powell Liberty University MMGP Background Information BUSI520 – Group 3 November 4, 2012 Samsung Galaxy S3 Introduction In this paper we shall explore The Traditional 4P’s which are, product place, promotion and price; while also examining and understanding the new 4P’s on which we have today: -people, processes, programs, and performance – while determining which is more effective for future business and long term success for the company. We will analyze Samsung Electronics and provide information regarding the company’s background and its newest product: The Samsung Galaxy S3.Galaxy S3 Description From caveman to modern man is a phrase in which we can use to describe our evolution of mobile technology. The initial purpose of mobile technology was to connect with people while being on the go or having the ability to connect without a line. However, today modern technology purposes are to connect and facilitate our lives. Before, phones wer e kind of used for card game, calculators, and time; before, even less than those features. Now days we have Internet, mobile banking, millions of games, task management, etc.Before features were just a line of numbers going a cross, which was considered your screen. Now, we have full-blown screens that you can just touch and it is considered a button replacing the traditional methods for dialing. Today we have my version of first class smartphones, the Samsung Galaxy S3, based upon vast reviews named the Samsung Galaxy S3 is named one of the hottest phones on the Android market. Based on what people must have and desire this phone has played its part in making completion step there game up.As, for its features The Samsung Galaxy S3 body is thin in shape and this is good especially since people want a phone they can put in there pocket and not worry about it taking up space, as for its look it is sleek and a more comfortable grip if you have had a Samsung phone before then you know that this is a plus. As for the display this phone has a 4. 8-inch screen, which is awesome if you are one who love this video chat on Skype or oovoo. Holding this phone in my hand you could actually see how the HD AMOLD screen actually enhanced clarity for the screen.It has a front camera that is 1. 9 megapixels which is not the best however, it gets the job done while video chatting. As for the rear-facing camera it has an 8. 0-megapixel camera that is great. If you enjoy phone photography you are able to take 8 photo shots in one burst, which is also nice. (http://www. samsung. com/us/mobile/cell-phones/SGH-I747MBBATT-features). Most people like it’s Pop-up Play, Touch Wiz, and Smart Unlock feature; however the ability to charge wirelessly to me is the best feature ever. Reason why?We all hate the hassles of charging a phone so the idea of eliminating wires makes charging a phone feel like heaven. What’s also great is the S Beam technology, which allows users to tra nsfer content by the backs of two phones. Samsung Electronics is pushing to cross over Apple users to their product. Product & Firm History Unlike other electronic companies Samsung origins were not involving electronics but other products. In 1938 the Samsung's founder Byung-Chull Lee set up a trade export company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruit to China.Within a decade Samsung had flourmills and confectionary machines and became a co-operation in 1951. Humble beginnings. From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as financial, media, chemicals and shipbuilding throughout the 1970's. In 1969, Samsung Electronics was established producing what Samsung is most famous for, Televisions, Mobile Phones (throughout 90's), Radio's, Computer components and other electronics devices. The history of Samsung and mobile phones stretches back to over 10 years.In 1993 Samsung developed the ‘lightest' mobile phone of its era. The SCH-800 and it was ava ilable on CDMA networks. Then they developed smart phones and a phone combined mp3 player towards the end of the 20th century. To this date Samsung are dedicated to the 3G industries. Making video, camera phones at a speed to keep up with consumer demand. Samsung has made steady growth in the mobile industry and are currently second but competitor Nokia is ahead with more than 100% increase in shares. (http://www. samsung-mobiles. net/history-of-samsung. tml) The Traditional 4Ps The product of the traditional 4Ps is the Samsung Galaxy S3. The price of the smartphone is $199 on SPRINT when purchased with a two-year contract and $549 when purchased the phone straight up. Promotions include online discounts; commercial adds online, television, radio, or word of mouth. Places would include Internet and in stores for targeted locations. The New 4Ps The new 4Ps of marketing are people, processes, programs, and performance. The people include people who are interested in smart phones.Proce sses are their and its strong deliver of research and the way they present their product for development. The programs would be apps, and games. The performance Samsung has made more than a billion in sales last year. Demographic and Economic Trends & the Samsung Galaxy S3 There has also been a rise in numbers on purchases of non contract phones considering that contract phones have been could go up or down in prices depending on the company. Samsung is presenting itself in any category it can because this promotes success for the company.Being able to sell contracted phones is a way to keep revenue flowing with in the company by producing cheaper products and higher bills along with cancelation fees. Because of the rise in non-contracted phones and the decrease in economic revenue. Samsung has branched out producing product for consumers however, producing higher priced product and but lower bills for the consumer. Our current economy has caused many consumers money to decline when it comes to terms of having money to spend on things we want.Therefore causing people to resort to places such as craigslist, eBay, and other resources to get a lesser price. A lot of people are resorting to buying smart phones such as the Galaxy S3 due to the fact that it has the ability to be a phone, computer, personal assistant, bank etc. Therefore, causing people to lose their sociability when having face-to-face interactions. (Meuter, Ostrom, Roundtree, & Bitner,  2000, p. 51). Technological Trends & the Samsung Galaxy S3Technology has been on an upward increase to produce product that are smaller in size however, larger in scale when it comes to its capabilities for facilitating our lives. Samsung Galaxy S3, provides apps that allow you to swipe a credit card and put that money in your bank if you are a business man, turn on the lights and television in your house, even monitor security systems and providing wireless connectivity as a router if you prefer using you lap top on the go. Social and Cultural Factors We have all wanted the next new thing; what others call â€Å"keeping up with the Jones†.Cultural and social factors that drive a person to purchase a certain type of phone would include: people, the individuality in a person, and the desire to have the newest phone that hit the market. Even more, Samsung values doing research for the development of its product and the medium that they are targeting so you can rest assure there are different medias in which we all were potentially driven from to buy their products. References (http://www. samsung-mobiles. net/history-of-samsung. html) (http://www. samsung. com/us/mobile/cell-phones/SGH-I747MBBATT-features) (Meuter, Ostrom, Roundtree, & Bitner,  2000, p. 51).

Managing Organisational And Individual Change Essay

Managing Organisational and Individual Change (Reflection) 20th of January 2008 is to date the biggest life change I have had. It was a Saturday and I was playing an important tennis match when I fainted. I woke up in Kings College Hospital Camberwell South London. I had fainted because my blood sugar levels where too high and I was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. This is not a change I wanted or asked for but had to accept. (Buchannan and Huczynski 1985 pp.14, 15) define learning as â€Å"The process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to a change in behaviour†. Being diagnosed with diabetes involves learning, â€Å"Kolb’s learning cycle 1984† activist stage describes individuals that want to dive into the swimming pool and see what happens, I guess I was more forced into this learning stage rather than wanting to be in this stage. One psychological theory I can relate to my experience of change is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development which involves 4 different stages. (Blake, B. and Pope, T. 2008). Equilibrium, Accommodation, Assimilation and disequilibrium. Individuals are comfortable in a state of equilibrium as they can take information and either assimilate or accommodate into pre-existing schemes Equilibrium (Agnes, 1999, p. 1282). Assimilation is the process of using new information in the environment so it can be placed in pre-existing cognitive structure. Accommodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to acceptShow MoreRelatedConflict Is Essential For Organisational Success . In This1135 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is essential for organisational success In this current era of modernization and development, there is a serious economic war between firms of different sizes. 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